He was released in 1962, however, in exchange for the Soviet spy Rudolf Abel. The hollow nickel found by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, The coded message contained in the hollow nickel. The bolt was about two inches long and one-fourth inch in diameter. While the surveillance continued at 252 Fulton Street, other FBI agents made daily checks on the dead drops that Hayhanen stated he and Mark had used. Among the government witnesses to testify against him was his former trusted espionage assistant, Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen. [23], Despite his foreign birth and the accusation that his brother-in-law was a Trotskyist, Fisher narrowly escaped the Great Purge. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abels chief coconspirator in the United States. On February 10, 1962, American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is released by the Soviets in exchange for Soviet Colonel Rudolf Abel, a senior KGB spy who was caught in the United States five. In the modest home of Hayhanen and his wife on Dorislee Drive in Peekskill, New York, FBI agents found such items as a 50 Markka coin from Finland. However, the Soviets retained his passport, which Fisher eventually used. When Kayotis friends in Michigan heard no more from him, they assumed that he had passed away. However, at the first session, the summit collapsed after President Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev for the U-2 incident. One of these was Morton Sobell, whose wife had failed to receive the $5,000 embezzled by Hyhnen. Rudolf Abel was the most important Soviet agent the FBI ever got on the net. [4] He served just over four years of his sentence before he was exchanged for captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. Abel, in the Old Testament, second son of Adam and Eve, who was slain by his older brother, Cain (Genesis 4:1-16). The proprietors of novelty stores and related business establishments in the New York vicinity were contacted. Was Rudolf Abel found guilty? Hayhanen described Mark as about 50 years old or possibly older; approximately five feet ten inches tall; thin gray hair; and medium build. He occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing chess, and writing logarithmic tables for the sheer enjoyment of it. Donovan traveled to the Soviet embassy in East Berlin to negotiate the exchange, and on February 10, 1962, the two prisoners crossed paths as they were released on the Glienicke Bridge between East and West Germany. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. End of preview. Questioned about the hollow bolt, Hayhanen said that trick containers such as this were often used by the espionage apparatus which he served. The lawyer even appealed Fishers 45-year prison sentence on the grounds that the search of his studio had been unconstitutional, though the Supreme Court upheld the original ruling in 1960. Roughly halfway through his journey, he was shot down over Sverdlovsk in the Ural Mountains. Indicted as a Russian spy, Colonel Abel was tried in federal court at New York City during October 1957. After handing back Kayotis's passport and documents, Fisher assumed the name Goldfus. However, on 21 October 1952, as instructed by Moscow, Reino Hyhnen left a thumbtack on a signpost in New York's Central Park. Svirin was beyond reach of American justice. Two hollow pennies were found in Washington, D.C. He had come to the United States in 1948 or 1949, entering by illegally crossing the Canadian border. [68][69] He made a notable appearance in the foreword to the Soviet spy film Dead Season and also worked as a consultant on the film. With the end of this war in 1940, Hayhanen was assigned to check the loyalty and reliability of Soviet workers in Finland and to develop informants and sources of information in their midst. He had arrived in the United States in October 1916 and became a naturalized American citizen at Grand Rapids, Michigan on December 30, 1930. He displayed a birth certificate from the state of Idaho which showed that he was born in Enaville on May 30, 1919, and, in the presence of a Vice Consul, he executed an affidavit in which he explained that his family had left the United States in 1928: I accompanied my mother to Estonia when I was eight years of age and resided with her until her death in 1941. The information which Hayhanen furnished to U.S. officials in Paris, France, in May 1957, was immediately checked. During the FBIs extensive interviews with him, in May 1957 Hayhanen was carefully questioned regarding the codes and cryptosystems which he had used in the various Soviet intelligence agencies he had served since 1939. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. There were two ladies in the apartment across from the one occupied by Jimmys customer. The real Andrew Kayotis was Lithuanian born and had become an American citizen after migrating to the United States. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel. Upon opening the coin a square of microfilm was revealed. In 1957, Reino Hayhanen, a lieutenant colonel in the KGB, walked into the American embassy in Paris and announced his intention to defect to the West. [2][4] On 15 November 1957, Judge Mortimer W. Byers imposed on Fisher a total sentence of thirty years and fines of $3,000. [10] However, in 1938 he was dismissed from the NKVD, which the OGPU had been renamed to in 1934. British intelligence officer and Soviet spy. In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel". The reverse side had been made from another nickelone minted sometime during the period of 1942 to 1945. Due to a law that bans construction near the habitat of endangered species, developers kill and hide endangered species found on their land. Argued February 24-25, 1959. Fisher knew that the FBI's use of his rank could have only come from Hyhnen. His ashes were interred at the Donskoye Cemetery under his real name; next to Konon Molody, who had died the previous year. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. The trail of the hollow nickel ended when a thirteen-year-old newsboy was collecting for his weekly deliveries. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [48] The Canadian Communist Party succeeded in obtaining a new passport for Fisher in the name of Robert Callan. Hayhanen had proved a poor spy during his five years in the United States and was being recalled to the USSR, where he feared he would be disciplined. Thats Mikhail.. The Irish American New York lawyer who defended a Russian spy, and negotiated on behalf of the thousands of prisoners captured after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, is remembered by his daughter Jan. It can often appear that the lives of individuals depicted on the silver screen are too fantastic to be real. He was, however, able to tell the FBI about Fisher's studio and its location. [46], Upon his arrival in the United States, Hyhnen was interrogated by the FBI and proved very cooperative. Accordingly, passage was secured for Hayhanen on an airliner, and he was permitted to return to the United States. Donovan had read the newspaper accounts, which, he wrote, "described Abel in a sinister way as a 'master spy' heading all illegal Soviet espionage in the United States." [36] The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. The Lord respected Abel's sacrifice but did not respect that offered by Cain. His mother also was American born, but his father had immigrated to the United States from Finland in 1905. What sentence does Francis Gary Powers receive from the Soviet Court? [68] For the sake of its own reputation it suited the KGB to portray "Abel's" nine years of being an undetected agent in the United States as a triumph by a dedicated NKVD member. [25], After rejoining the KGB in 1946, Fisher was trained as a spy for entry into the United States. Something went wrong. Yes, they remembered Jimmy; but, if either had given him a hollow nickel, it was entirely unintentional. From the outset, it was obvious that they had found no Utopia on the border of the Soviet Union. Rudolf Abel was born William Fisher in England in 1903. On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously. He refused to cooperate at all. Among the items he had been supplied by the Soviets were hollow pens, pencils, screws, batteries, and coinsin some instances magnetized so they would adhere to metal objects. His primary objective was to identify anti-Soviet elements among the intelligentsia. There was five digits in each number and 21 numbers in most columns. They then contacted James B. Donovan. [19] He then worked briefly in the radio research institute before being recruited by the OGPU, a predecessor of the KGB, in May 1927. That happened, and five years later, Rudolf Abel walked across the Glienicke Bridge between Potsdam and East Berlin, where he was met by Soviet intelligence. ALL THE DATA ABOUT YOURSELF, PLACE OF WORK, ADDRESS, ETC., MUST NOT BE TRANSMITTED IN ONE CIPHER MESSAGE. Less than three years later, on May 1, 1960, Francis Gary Powers took off from Peshawar, Pakistan, at the controls of an ultra-sophisticated Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. [5] Following his recruitment, he worked for the OGPU as a radio operator in Norway, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and France. While his KGB training continued, Hayhanen worked as a mechanic in the City of Valga, Estonia. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. As the search for the source of the hollow nickel expanded across the United States, hollow subway tokens, trick coins, and similar objects were submitted to the FBI Laboratory by agents in various parts of the country. During his eight years as an illegal resident he appears not to have recruited, or even identified, a single potential agent. Hollow coins, though rarely seen by the ordinary citizen, are occasionally used in magic acts and come to the attention of federal law enforcement agencies from time to time. Rudolph Abel Exchange For Garry Powers (1962) Watch on. As the spies waited, negotiators talked in the center of the bridge where a white line divided East from West. El a purtat mai multe nume printre care se numea Rudolf Ivanovici Abel, Willie"), William Genrihovici (August) Fisher, Emil Robert Goldfus sau Frank, Marc, Andrew Kayotis, Martin Collins. At 10:00 p.m., they saw the lights go on in Goldfus studio, and a man was observed moving in the room. Reargued November 9, 1959. In his studio, FBI investigators found a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a shaving brush containing microfilm, a code book, and radio transmitting equipment. For the next seven months the hollow nickel travelled around the New York City economy, unopened. EVERYTHING IS ALL RIGHT WITH THE FAMILY. The Cohens were quickly spirited to Mexico before moving on to Moscow. He moved to Russia in the 1920s, and served in the Soviet military before undertaking foreign service as a radio operator in Soviet intelligence in the late 1920s and early 30s. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. How did the Supreme Court rule in Rudolf Abel's Case? Thus, Hayhanen initially provided the FBI with little useful information. The key to this mystery proved to be a 36-year-old Lieutenant Colonel of the Soviet State Security Service (KGB). Sorry, Jimmy, she said. An official website of the United States government. [17], Fluent in English, Russian, German, Polish and Yiddish,[18] Fisher worked for the Comintern as a translator following his family's return to the Soviet Union. The latter must have "felt it" - . His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested in Manhattans Latham Hotel. With this data, the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message. Bridge of Spies is the best. The bolt was found on May 15, 1957. Donovan had played an important role in the negotiations that led to the swap. Following World War II, he rose to the rank of senior operative authorized representative of the Segozerski district section of the NKGB and, with headquarters in the Village of Padani, set about the task of identifying dissident elements among the local citizens. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. It felt lighter than an ordinary nickel. Fisher was subsequently indicted to stand trial as a Russian spy. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". There he found a hollowed-out nickel. In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 5-4. Still using Kayotis' passport, he went to Montreal and crossed into the United States on 17 November. [51], At 7:00 am on 21 June 1957, Fisher answered a knock on the door to his room, Room 839. A lady answered the door. Among the tenants was one Emil R. Goldfus, a photographer who had operated a studio on the fifth floor since January, 1954and who also had formerly rented a fifth-floor storage room there. Upon its receipt in Washington on June 26, 1953, the nickel was subjected to the thorough scrutiny of a team of FBI scientific experts. As the years passed, memories of the Maki family gradually began to fade, and all but possibly two or three old time residents of Enaville, Idaho, forgot that there has ever been a Maki family in that area. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. He was dismissed from the agency during the Great Purge of the late 1930s, but he returned to its service after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. His son, born in England and going to Russia with his father, joined the Soviet intelligence and security agency GPU (the predecessor of the KGB) in 1927 and operated in western European countries and the Soviet Union in the next two decades. Hyhnen, Fisher's former assistant, testified against him at the trial. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Pablo Escobar. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. It is an absolute necessity. Want to read all 2 pages? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. At the time he related this information to FBI agents in May 1957, Hayhanen could not remember the Army sergeants name. [58], As Fisher was no longer considered an alleged illegal alien, but rather an alleged spy, he was flown from Texas to New York on 7 August 1957, to answer the indictment. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured. Shortly afterward, when U.S. jet pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured in Soviet territory, the idea of swapping Powers for Fisher gained steam. Abel, who was born in Newcastle as William Fisher and once worked at Swan Hunter in Wallsend, went on to become a Russian spy during the Cold War. Svirin had been in and out of the United States on several occasions between 1939 and 1956. Abel, a colonel in the KGB, ha. One of the nations most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just earned. 27. He died in 1971. The orderly became Abel's confidante, Ignashiev said, and the colonel told him that his real name was not Rudolf Abel but William Fisher. [33][34][35] The thumbtack signaled to Fisher that Hyhnen, his new assistant, had arrived. Prior to his departure, Hyhnen returned to Bear Mountain Park and retrieved the buried $5,000 for his own use. [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Abel, Federal Bureau of Investigation - Biography of Rudolph Ivanovich Abel, Rudolf Abel - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. 39. He became friends with two other convicted Soviet spies. The U.S. government then used Abel to secure the release of Powers, whose Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft had been forced down near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), in the central Soviet Union, on May 1, 1960. . Updates? In the spring of 1955, Fisher and Hyhnen visited Bear Mountain Park, and buried $5,000, (equivalent to $50,578 in 2021), destined for the wife of the Soviet spy Morton Sobell, who in 1951 was sentenced to thirty years in jail. Hyhnen was able only to provide Fisher's codename, "MARK", and a description. Kitty Harris, a former pupil of Fisher's, had spent a year in Santa Fe during the war, where she passed secrets from physicists to couriers. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. After leaving the United States, the Maki family settled in Estonia. In one of the dead drops mentioned by Hayhanena hole in a set of cement steps in Prospect ParkFBI agents found a hollowed-out bolt. Hollow Nickel/Rudolf Abel One of the nation's most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just. On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. She disappeared for a moment, then returned with a purse in her hand. One of these dead drops was an iron picket fence at the end of 7th Avenue near Macombs bridge. [45] Escape was complicated because, if "MARK" had been compromised by Hyhnen, Fisher's other identities could have been compromised as well. Upon returning to the United States, Powers was cleared by the CIA and the Senate of any personal blame for the U-2 incident. Frederic LeRoy Pryor (April 23, 1933 - September 2, 2019) was an American economist. [27][29] The Volunteer network grew to include "Aden" and "Serb", nuclear physicists contacted by Hall, and "Silver". In 1927, the family migrated to Estonia. Neither of these pennies, nor the assortment of other coins which the Laboratory examined, was found to have tool markings or other distinguishing features to identify it with the newsboys 1948 Jefferson nickel. In Warsaw, he discarded his Soviet passport and using a U.S. passport travelled via Czechoslovakia and Switzerland to Paris. Although Hayhanen assisted the FBI in solving the mystery of the hollow nickel, the information he furnished placed other critical challenges before the agents. FBI agents were convinced he fit the description of "MARK". In Washington, each effort to decipher the microphotograph met with failure. [2][39][40] Over time his artistic technique improved and he became a competent painter, though he disliked abstract painting, preferring more conventional styles. [56][57] Also discovered were photographs of the Cohens and recognition phrases to establish contact between agents who had never met before. In the intelligence and counterintelligence field, patience is more than a virtue. [37] For six months Hyhnen checked the thumbtack and no one had made contact. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The detective, in turn, gave the coin to the FBI. business math. Genrich Fischer (or Fisher), Abels father and a friend of Lenins, emigrated to Britain around 1901, where he spent 20 years attempting to organize and indoctrinate his fellow factory workers before returning to Russia. Back in the Soviet Union, he lectured on his experiences. Abel v. United States. Hayhanen did not know where Mark was residing or the name which Mark was using; however, he was able to furnish many other details concerning him. He mingled with New York artists, who were surprised by his admiration for the Russian painter Isaak Levitan, although Fisher was careful not to discuss Stalinist "socialist realism". As a precaution, Fisher was ordered to leave the United States. [27] Grigulevich gave Fisher a genuine birth certificate, a forged draft card and a forged tax certificate, all under the name of Emil Robert Goldfus, along with $1,000. Following his arrival in New York on May 10, 1957, Hayhanen was given a thorough physical examination, suitable quarters were found for him, and arrangements were made for him to be interviewed by FBI agents. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. [65], Fisher served just over four years of his sentence. The Soviet spy, Rudolf Abel, has written a note to James B. Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a 1957 espionage trial . However the report never arrived. While efforts were being made to decode the message on the microphotograph, FBI agents in New York launched an investigation to find the source of the hollow coin. Despite his modest background, Hayhanen was an honor student and, in 1939, obtained the equivalent of a certificate to teach high school. The two men were brought to separate sides of the Glienicker Bridge, which connects East and West Berlin across Lake Wannsee. I do recall, however, that we used the code name `Quebec in referring to him and that he was recruited for Soviet intelligence work while in Moscow., (An intensive investigation was launched to identify and locate Quebec. It quickly produced results when, in examining a hollow piece of steel from Hayhanens home, the FBI Laboratory discovered a piece of microfilm less than one-inch square. This man occasionally walked about the park; he appeared to be nervous; and he created the impression that he was looking for someonepossibly attempting to determine any unusual activity in the neighborhood. The longtime intelligence operative died in Moscow in 1971, his story later revived in the 2015 movie Bridge of Spies. While it is not known for certain where Fisher went or what he did, it is believed he travelled to Santa Fe, New Mexico, the collection point for stolen diagrams from the Manhattan Project. Inside was a tiny photograph, showing a series of numbers too small to read. The face of the coin was a 1948 Jefferson nickel. [43] Fisher checked his drop points only to find messages several months old, while Hyhnen's radio transmissions had routinely been sent from the same location using incorrect radio frequencies. AP Follow Russia Beyond on Rumble The story of a Soviet. On July 3, 1951, Hayhanenthen living in Turku, Finlandvisited the United States Legation in Helsinki. Emil Goldfus was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, a brilliant Soviet spy who was fluent in at least five languages and an expert at the technical requirements of espionage. [45], When Hyhnen announced himself at the embassy on 4 May, he appeared drunk. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. The Soviet intelligence service had a new assignment for Hayhanenone which would require him to sever relations with his family, to study the English language, and to receive special training in photographing documents, as well as to encode and decode messages. Hyhnen fabricated stories to justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the FBI had taken him off the RMS Queen Mary. The real Eugene Nicolai Maki was born in Enaville, Idaho on May 30, 1919. From July 1949 to October 1952, Hayhanen resided in Finland and established his identity as the American-born Eugene Maki. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, alias Mark, alias Collins, alias Goldfus v. United States. Rudolf Abel, was convicted of espionage in the United States in 1957 and later exchanged for imprisoned American Francis Gary Powers. Near the tavern, he was told, he would find a signpost marked Horse Carts, You will let Mikhail know of your arrival by placing a red thumb tack in this signpost, a Soviet official told him. In 1962, he was. The message apparently was intended for Hayhanen and had been sent from the Soviet Union shortly after his arrival in the United States. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! From Los Angeles came a peculiar-looking 1953 Lincoln penny. Full case name. [37] Fisher was disturbed by Hyhnen's lack of work ethics and his obsession with alcohol. There were not enough. Since the FBI Laboratory maintains a reference file concerning typewriters manufactured in the United States, a foreign-made typewriter undoubtedly was involved. He wanted to defectto desert the Soviet camp. [51], Fisher was then flown to the Federal Alien Detention Facility in McAllen, Texas, and held there for six weeks. He was exchanged in 1962 for the American aviator Francis Gary Powers, who had been imprisoned as a spy in the Soviet Union since 1960. Fisher could not leave the country as Martin Collins, Emil Goldfus, or even the long-forgotten Andrew Kayotis. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. Fisher said nothing to the FBI and, after spending twenty-three minutes staring at Fisher, the FBI agents called in the waiting Immigration and Naturalization Service officers who arrested Fisher and detained him under section 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. None could recall seeing a nickel or other coin quite like this one. [2] In Fisher's New York hotel room the FBI found $4,000,[54][55] a hollow ebony block containing a 250-page Russian codebook, a hollow pencil containing encrypted messages on microfilm and a key to a safe-deposit box containing another $15,000 in cash. The agents long hours of patience were rewarded on the night of June 13, 1957. 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[ 45 ], Despite his foreign birth and the Senate of any personal blame for the Soviet,... The most important Soviet agent the FBI ever got on the night of June 13, 1957 ]. '', and writing logarithmic tables for the U-2 incident man was observed moving the! Session, the FBI with little useful information were often used by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, the collapsed! Spies waited, negotiators talked in the Soviet spy, Colonel Abel the! Fabricated stories to justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the FBI and proved very cooperative State. Spotted a man acting nervously citation style rules, there May be some discrepancies the York. The DATA about YOURSELF, PLACE a white thumb tack on the border of the where. The first session, the Soviets retained his passport, he went to and... 71 ], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel, has written a note to B.. After rejoining the KGB, ha Hyhnen fabricated stories to justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the Laboratory.